प्रत्येक भाषेत अशा काही जागा असतात ज्या तुम्हाला वारंवार चकवा देतात.
इंग्रजी भाषेतही अशा काही 'गंडवणाऱ्या' जागा आहेत! एखादा रस्ता आपल्या अंगवळणी पडला म्हणजे त्यातले खड्डे आणि गतिरोधक आपल्याला विनासायास चुकवता येतात तसेच भाषेबाबतही असते. काही सर्वसाधारण नियम ध्यानात ठेवले म्हणजे अशा हमखास होणाऱ्या काही चुका टाळता येतात.
इंग्रजी व्याकरणातील वारंवार उपयोगी पडणारे काही महत्त्वाचे नियम
• Mountain Alps or Alps mountain, Narmada river or River Narmada - दोन्ही प्रकारे लिहिलेले चालते.
• सर्व ग्रह-ताऱ्यांची नावे लिहिताना पहिले अक्षर capital लिहावे, जसे: Jupiter, Mars, Venus इ. अपवाद: earth, sun, moon
• वार, महिने, सणांची नावे लिहिताना पहिले अक्षर capital : जसे, Tuesday, February, Diwali . पण ऋतूंची नावे लिहिताना पहिले अक्षर लहान लिपीमध्येच: जसे, spring, winter, autumn, monsoon इ.
• संख्यावाचक विशेषण लिहिताना hyphen - वापरतात: जसे, sixty-year-old, twelve-foot-long इ. असे लिहिताना year, foot इ. शब्दांचे अनेकवचन होत नाही.
• remidexco wellnonself हे acronym लक्षात ठेवावे. re, mid, ex, co, well, non, self ह्या prefix नंतर बऱ्याचदा hyphen - येतो: जसे, re-cycling, mid-summer, co-worker, well-known, non-profit, self-generated इ.
• while वाक्याच्या शेवटी येणार असेल तर असा बदल होतो: He was whistling while driving a car. He was driving a car, whistling all the while.
• तारीख लिहिताना: 15th July, 2015 किंवा July 15, 2015. दोन्ही प्रकारे लिहिता येते. July 15th, 2015 नाही!
• एकवचन असो की अनेकवचन, हे शब्द कधीच बदलत नाहीत म्हणजे ह्यांचे एकवचनी आणि अनेकवचनी रूप हे तेच राहते: software, aircraft, spacecraft, xerox, deer, luggage, equipment, hair, bread, furniture, manner, cattle, police, headquarters, jack fruit, news, offspring, series, sheep, species, caries
उदा: a news, many news
• खालील शब्द कधीही एकवचनात वापरले जात नाहीत: jeans, pants, trousers, shorts, physics, crossroads, alms, glasses, scissors, outskirts, premises, pliers, wages
• Who, whoever, which, when, where, that यांना relative pronouns असे म्हणतात.
When, where, why यांना relative adverbs असे म्हणतात. (Where दोन्हीकडे वापरले जाऊ शकते.)
तसेच, and, or, nor, but, for, so, yet यांना coordinating conjunctions असे म्हणतात.
तर as, although, before, since, until, when यांना subordinating conjunctions असे म्हणतात.
• Formal English letter writing मधे Respected Sir, sending herewith, please do the needful हे असले शब्दप्रयोग वापरायचा प्रघात नाही. हे आपल्याकडे सर्रास वापरले जातात.
Formal letter writing मधे, सुरुवात Dear Mr./ Ms./ Sir/ Madam ह्या संबोधनाने होते आणि शेवट Thanking you,/ Regards,/ Best wishes,/ Looking forward to hearing from you, इ. प्रसंगोचित शब्दांनी केला जातो. Really speaking च्या ऐवजी in fact किंवा factually वापरावे. वाक्य due to ने चालू करण्याऐवजी owing to ने चालू करावे.
• भारतीयांनी केलेले काही मजेदार मराठी अनुवाद: 😇
अर्धांगिनी = better half (बरोबर: wife)
शत प्रतिशत = cent percent marks (बरोबर: full marks)
अंथरुणातला चहा = bed tea (बरोबर: early morning tea)
रेल्वे डबा = bogie (बरोबर: coach, carriage)
गप्पा-गोष्टी = chit-chat (बरोबर: chat )
विनोद करणे = cut a joke (बरोबर: crack joke)
नाटक = drama (बरोबर: play)
मरणे = to expire (बरोबर: to die)
खराब = third class (बरोबर: third rate)
शेजारी = immediate neighbor (बरोबर: next door neighbor)
तसेच, upliftment, upgradation हे शब्द original English शब्द नाहीत.
हे वापरणे टाळावे.
• वाक्यरचना ध्यानात घ्या:
The tribesmen caught a python which was ten feet long.
A ten-foot-long python was caught by the tribesmen.
• शुद्ध इंग्रजी लेखनात actually, literally ह्या शब्दांना विशेष स्थान नाही. Due to वाक्याच्या सुरवातीला येत नाही, मध्ये येते.
• Subheading लिहिताना or, and, the, of, as, by ह्या शब्दांचे पहिले अक्षर सामान्यतः Capital होत नाही: जसे, A Comparison Between the Effects of Sun and the Moon as Explained by Astrological Science
Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.
― Plato
His wife Elena was absent today.
Elena, his wife, was absent today.
• Time expressions लिहिताना on कधी वापरायचे आणि कधी नाही, हे नीट ध्यानात घ्या.
We met
We will meet
They met
We will meet on Monday.
They will meet on 6th June.
• Height, weight, length, size, color, age ह्यांची तुलना करताना of वापरायचे नाही. जसे,
Your shirt is
• घरासंबंधित एखादी क्रिया होत असेल तर to वापरायचे नाही. जसे,
I am going
• प्रवास करायच्या माध्यमांसाठी by वापरायचे. जसे,
By road, by train, by sea, by air
• भावना व्यक्त करताना with वापरायचे. जसे,
With love, with anger, with fear, with envy
• कुठले instrument वापरले हे सांगायला with, पण कोणी वापरले हे सांगायला by. जसे,
With hammer, with stones, with dagger, images taken with a camera by me,
• Go नंतर --ing येत असेल तर कुठलेही preposition to, for इ. नको. जसे,
I go
• ह्या नामांपूर्वी the येत नाही: God, destiny, bliss, heaven, life, time, humanity, space, television, breakfast-lunch-dinner, (विशेषतः ज्या गोष्टी अनंत आहेत आणि अखंड चालू राहतात, अशा गोष्टी)
• Since आणि for : वाक्यरचनामधील ध्यानात घ्या:
The king has been ruling for thirty years.
The king has been ruling since 1685.
• जेव्हा दोन वस्तूंचा संबंध superior, inferior, senior, junior, anterior, posterior हे शब्द वापरून वर्णन केला जातो, तेव्हा त्यान्च्या नंतर to येते, than नाही.
Japanese technology is superior to Chinese technology.
The vein lies posterior to the lung.
• गती दाखवताना to, into वापरतात. जसे,
come into, going to, ran to, collapsed to, reaching to
• Number (no.) हा शब्द भारतात फारच प्रचलित आहे, बाकी इतर देशांमध्ये नाही. जसे,
Platform no. 9, page no. 124, gate no. 6, terminal no. 4
• दिशा दर्शविताना त्यापूर्वी to येत नाही. जसे,
Turn to your right. Go
• वाक्यात एखाद्या गोष्टीबद्दल अधिक माहिती सांगताना which आणि that कधी वापरावे, हे नीट समजून घ्या: जसे,
This is the house that Jack built.
The house, which Jack built, needs repairs.
• Probably वापरून वाक्याची सुरुवात कधी करू नये.
The dog probably wants to go out.
Probably the dog wants to.... नाही.
• I replied to Anil पेक्षा I replied to Anil's question/mail etc. अधिक बरोबर आणि अर्थपूर्ण आहे.
• Even though वर्तमान व भूतळासाठी वापरतात , तर even if भविष्यकाळातील शक्यता दाखवण्यासाठी.
Even though it rained, we went to the beach.
Even though it is raining, we will go to the beach.
Even if it rains, we will go to the beach.
• Near आणि close to मधील फरक समजून घ्या.
Aruna is sitting near computer.
Aruna is sitting close to computer.
• Might आणि will मधील फरक समजून घ्या.
It might rain today. (शक्यता)
It will rain today. (निश्चितता)
• In spite of/ despite नंतर क्रियापदाचे --ing रूप येते. जसे,
In spite of/ despite working hard, our team failed.
• एखादे विशेषण वा एखादी क्रिया अधिक जोर लावून वर्णन करायची झाल्यास only, even, quite, simply, just हे शब्द वापरतात. जसे,
He is only lying.
This color is even more matching.
He is quite passionate.
Your reply is just fantastic.
Her voice is simply mesmerizing.
• Most, most of आणि many ह्यातील फरक:
Most Indians speak Hindi. (general statement)
Most of the students can speak English. (mentioning majority)
Many people can do digital transactions now. (in between minority and majority)
• Aim at आणि aim to ह्यातील फरक:
Our team aims at winning the gold medal. (निश्चयाचा अभाव)
Our team aims to win the gold medal. (निश्चयपूर्वक केलेले विधान)
• Known नंतर as येते, called नंतर नाही. जसे,
Mahendrasingh Dhoni is known as Mahi.
Mahindrasingh Dhoni is calledas Mahi.
• Regarded नंतर as येते, considered नंतर नाही. जसे,
Devgad mango is regarded as the best mango.
Devgad mango is consideredas the best mango.
• Consist नंतर of येते, comprise नंतर नाही. जसे,
The project consists of three phases.
The project comprisesof three phases.
• Front च्या पूर्वी in येते आणि back च्या पूर्वी at येते. जसे,
The commander is standing in front of the major general.
The major general is standing at the back of the commander.
• मोजता येणाऱ्या गोष्टींसाठी few जर वापरले जात असेल तर न मोजता येणाऱ्या गोष्टींसाठी less किंवा little वापरले जाते. जसे,
few cherries, less/ little water (few water किंवा less cherries नाही)
पण some हे दोन्ही प्रकारांसाठी चालते. जसे,
some cherries, some water
• मोजता येणाऱ्या गोष्टींसाठी many जर वापरले जात असेल तर न मोजता येणाऱ्या गोष्टींसाठी much वापरले जाते. जसे,
many cherries, much water (many water किंवा much cherries नाही)
पण a lot of हे दोन्ही प्रकारांसाठी चालते. जसे,
a lot of cherries, a lot of water
• If I had... ने सुरु झालेली वाक्ये पूर्ण करण्यासाठी I could have, I would have किंवा I might have हे शब्दप्रयोग येतात. जसे,
If I had studied, I could/ would/ might have passed the exams.
I च्या जागी he, she, it, they, we इ. कोणतेही सर्वनाम किंवा नाम येऊ शकते.
If the plane had landed in time, she could/ would/ might have boarded the evening boat.
• I wish... ने सुरु झालेली वाक्ये पूर्ण करण्यासाठी would/ were/ had हे शब्दप्रयोग येतात. जसे,
I wish she would call.
I wish I were an actor.
I wish I had a car.
• To नंतर क्रियापदाचे ---ing रूप वापरले जाते, अशी काही वाक्ये:
We are used to working at night.
He looks forward to meeting you.
Her life is dedicated to uplifting the poor.
I am committed to setting up a radio tower.
• ही सर्व वाक्ये व्याकरणदृष्ट्या बरोबर आहेत. त्यांचा अर्थपण एकच होतो.
I heard the dog barking आणि I heard the dog bark.
She told she would be back आणि She said that she would be back.
I saw all of them आणि I saw them all.
She is as tall as him आणि She is as tall as he is.
Train arrived in time आणि Train arrived on time.
It's time for us to go home आणि It's time we went home.
I would prefer to wait आणि I would rather wait.
• खालील दोन वाक्यातला सूक्ष्म फरक समजून घ्या:
I never ate coconut. (मी कधीही खोबरं खात नसे)
I have never eaten coconut. (मी कधीही खोबरं खाल्लेलं नाही)
• भूतकालदर्शक वाक्यरचनांमध्ये before, back आणि ago कधी वापरायचे, ते पहा.
I finished my yoga class twenty minutes before. (अगदी आताचा भूतकाळ)
I joined yoga class twenty days back. (नजीकचा भूतकाळ)
I used to teach yoga twenty years ago. (पूर्वीचा भूतकाळ)
• संपूर्ण group बद्दल जेव्हा एकच गोष्ट बोलायची असेल तेव्हा everyone वापरावे. Group मधील प्रत्येकाबद्दल वेगळं बोलायचं असेल तेव्हा every one वापरावे. जसे,
Everyone should remain present at 6 am.
Every one must bring his parents' signature.
• खालील situations मध्ये to वापरावे; of किंवा for नाही: जसे,
Invitation to party, solution to the problem, key to the door, answer to the question, reaction to my question
• क्रियाविशेषण क्रियापदाच्या आधीही वापरू शकतो आणि नंतरही. ह्याने अर्थात थोडा फरक नक्कीच पडतो. जसे,
He always comes late. (casual statement, सामान्य विधान)
He comes late, always. (intentional, हेतुपुरस्सर केलेले विधान)
• According to me, according to you हा शब्दप्रयोग आपल्याकडे फारच common आहे. तो अतिशय चूक आहे. त्याऐवजी, In my opinion, in your opinion हा शब्दप्रयोग अधिक रास्त आणि योग्य आहे.
In my opinion, we should meditate daily.
In your opinion, we should meditate daily.
According to him/ her /them, we should meditate daily. हे बरोबर आहे.
• प्रश्नात ever येत असेल तर तो अपूर्ण भूतकाळ असतो. जसे,
Did you ever read this book? - चूक
Have you ever read this book? - बरोबर
• Come नंतर to आणि arrive नंतर in . जसे,
He came in Moscow- चूक. He came to Moscow - बरोबर.
He arrived to Moscow - चूक. He arrived in Moscow - बरोबर.
• एक वेळ either नंतर or येणार नाही पण whether नंतर मात्र नेहेमीच येईल. जसे,
Either of you, please tell me the answer.
Just tell me whether you are going to tell the answer or not.
त्याचप्रमाणे different नंतर form येते. जसे, The food here is much different from our food.
त्याचप्रमाणे than anybody हा शब्दप्रयोग else लावल्याशिवाय पूर्ण होत नाही. जसे, He paints better than anybody else.
• In the above sentence पेक्षा In the above mentioned sentence हा शब्दप्रयोग अधिक बरोबर आहे आणि त्यापेक्षा In the sentence mentioned above हा शब्दप्रयोग अधिक बरोबर आहे.
• ज्यावेळेस काही serious सूचित करायचे असते त्यावेळेस among च्या ऐवजी amid वापरतात. जसे,
among friends, amid enemies
• कुठल्या वाहनात किती प्रवासी आहेत हे सांगण्याकरिता on वापरतात, अपवाद फक्त कारचा, त्यासाठी in वापरतात. जसे,
Fifty passengers on bus/ on boat/ on train/ on plane/ in car.
• Died of आणि died from मधील फरक:
The patient died of pneumonia.
The patient died from complications of pneumonia.
• खरं म्हणजे द्वेष करूच नये पण व्यक्तीचा करायचा झाला तर jealous वापरावे आणि त्याच्या गुणांचा, संपत्ती इ.चा करायचा झाला तर envious of वापरावे! जसे,
Americans are jealous of the Chinese.
Chinese are envious of America's progress in space technology.
• अनिश्चितता, अपेक्षा आणि निश्चितता:
I hope it will rain - अनिश्चितता
I wish it would rain - अपेक्षा
I think it will rain – निश्चितता
• पशु-पक्षी, जनावरांचे संगोपन करण्यासाठी raise वापरतात आणि मनुष्य प्राण्यासाठी bring up हे क्रियापद वापरतात.
Cattle are raised and human beings are brought up.
• कळत, नकळत इंग्रजीचा वापर करताना आपण खालीलप्रमाणे अनावश्यक repetitions करत असतो –
ascending up the stairs
repeating the same statement
as to whether
other alternative
throughout the entire
return the thing back
far more superior
• Than नंतर I की me? He की him? She की her?
दोन्ही बरोबर पण काय वापरायचे त्याची निवड अर्थसापेक्ष असेल. जसे,
Jane loves Jack more than I (do).
Jane loves Jack more than (she loves) me.
Aayesha sings better than he (sings).
Aayesha sings better than him.
• Examples of common Sentence Conversions:
- You take milk-shake or you take lassi. = You take either milk-shake or lassi.
- You can go to Italy or you can go to Germany = You can either go to Italy or Germany.
- Cricket is popular in India. Hockey is also popular in India. = Both cricket and Hockey are popular in India.
- She is intelligent. She is beautiful also. She is not only intelligent but also beautiful.
- This cloth is not transparent. It is also not cheap. = This cloth is neither transparent not cheap.
- You may keep mum or you may answer, he is going to scold you. = Whether you keep mum or answer, he is going to scold you.
- As soon as I finished watering the garden, it started raining. = No sooner did I finish watering the garden than it started raining.
- Scarcely had I put my umbrella away, when it started raining.
- I would prefer listening to speaking. = I would rather listen than speak.
- I will rather use a soap than shampoo. = I will prefer using a soap to shampoo.
- She rarely spoke = Hardly ever did she speak.
• योग्य preposition वापरल्याने वाक्याचा अर्थ पूर्ण होतो. जसे,
This is the knife to cut च्या ऐवजी This is the knife to cut with.
This is the paper to write च्या ऐवजी This is the paper to write on.
This is the horse to ride च्या ऐवजी This is the horse to ride on.
This is the road to go च्या ऐवजी This is the road to go by.
• Someone, anybody किंवा everybody बाबत अधिक माहितीची देवाण-घेवाण करायची असेल आणि he किंवा she बाबत संदिग्धता असेल तर सरळ they वापरतात. जसे,
If anybody wants to leave early, they can.
No one in the class did their homework.
Everybody said they enjoyed themselves.
• एखाद्या गोष्टीत कुणाचा सक्रिय सहभाग (active participation) असेल तर --self वाचक सर्वनाम वापरतात. जर सक्रिय सहभाग नसेल आणि तटस्थपणे ती गोष्ट अनुभवली असेल तर मात्र ते वापरात नाहीत. जसे,
Vinod enjoyed himself at the party. (विनोद पार्टीमध्ये सक्रिय होता.)
Vinod enjoyed the party. (विनोदने पार्टी enjoy केली पण विशेष involve न होता.)
• Do mistake, do exercise, take sleep च्या ऐवजी make/ commit mistake, take exercise, have sleep हे शब्दप्रयोग वापरावे. Food साठी take आणि have दोन्ही चालतात.
निर्दोष इंग्रजी संभाषण, लेखन, व्याकरण ह्या मालिकेमध्ये आपण खालील विषय बघणार आहोत:
१. Transitional phrases in English - इंग्रजी भाषेला अर्थपूर्ण बनवणारी संक्रामक इंग्रजी क्रियापदे व वाक्यांश
२. Silly mistakes commonly made while writing English - इंग्रजी संभाषण व लेखन करताना होणाऱ्या सामान्य चुका - भाग १ आणि भाग २
३. Translation from Marathi to English - काही निवडक मराठी वाक्यांचे इंग्रजीत भाषांतर
४. Some important rules in English grammar - इंग्रजी व्याकरणातील काही महत्त्वाचे नियम
५. Selected English words and their meanings - निवडक इंग्रजी शब्द व त्यांचे अर्थ
BEAUTY, WATCHES, JEWELLERY, CLOTHES,
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• I replied to Anil पेक्षा I replied to Anil's question/mail etc. अधिक बरोबर आणि अर्थपूर्ण आहे.
• Even though वर्तमान व भूतळासाठी वापरतात , तर even if भविष्यकाळातील शक्यता दाखवण्यासाठी.
Even though it rained, we went to the beach.
Even though it is raining, we will go to the beach.
Even if it rains, we will go to the beach.
• Near आणि close to मधील फरक समजून घ्या.
Aruna is sitting near computer.
Aruna is sitting close to computer.
• Might आणि will मधील फरक समजून घ्या.
It might rain today. (शक्यता)
It will rain today. (निश्चितता)
• In spite of/ despite नंतर क्रियापदाचे --ing रूप येते. जसे,
In spite of/ despite working hard, our team failed.
• एखादे विशेषण वा एखादी क्रिया अधिक जोर लावून वर्णन करायची झाल्यास only, even, quite, simply, just हे शब्द वापरतात. जसे,
He is only lying.
This color is even more matching.
He is quite passionate.
Your reply is just fantastic.
Her voice is simply mesmerizing.
• Most, most of आणि many ह्यातील फरक:
Most Indians speak Hindi. (general statement)
Most of the students can speak English. (mentioning majority)
Many people can do digital transactions now. (in between minority and majority)
• Aim at आणि aim to ह्यातील फरक:
Our team aims at winning the gold medal. (निश्चयाचा अभाव)
Our team aims to win the gold medal. (निश्चयपूर्वक केलेले विधान)
• Known नंतर as येते, called नंतर नाही. जसे,
Mahendrasingh Dhoni is known as Mahi.
Mahindrasingh Dhoni is called
• Regarded नंतर as येते, considered नंतर नाही. जसे,
Devgad mango is regarded as the best mango.
Devgad mango is considered
• Consist नंतर of येते, comprise नंतर नाही. जसे,
The project consists of three phases.
The project comprises
• Front च्या पूर्वी in येते आणि back च्या पूर्वी at येते. जसे,
The commander is standing in front of the major general.
The major general is standing at the back of the commander.
• मोजता येणाऱ्या गोष्टींसाठी few जर वापरले जात असेल तर न मोजता येणाऱ्या गोष्टींसाठी less किंवा little वापरले जाते. जसे,
few cherries, less/ little water (few water किंवा less cherries नाही)
पण some हे दोन्ही प्रकारांसाठी चालते. जसे,
some cherries, some water
Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.
― Albert Einstein
many cherries, much water (many water किंवा much cherries नाही)
पण a lot of हे दोन्ही प्रकारांसाठी चालते. जसे,
a lot of cherries, a lot of water
• If I had... ने सुरु झालेली वाक्ये पूर्ण करण्यासाठी I could have, I would have किंवा I might have हे शब्दप्रयोग येतात. जसे,
If I had studied, I could/ would/ might have passed the exams.
I च्या जागी he, she, it, they, we इ. कोणतेही सर्वनाम किंवा नाम येऊ शकते.
If the plane had landed in time, she could/ would/ might have boarded the evening boat.
• I wish... ने सुरु झालेली वाक्ये पूर्ण करण्यासाठी would/ were/ had हे शब्दप्रयोग येतात. जसे,
I wish she would call.
I wish I were an actor.
I wish I had a car.
• To नंतर क्रियापदाचे ---ing रूप वापरले जाते, अशी काही वाक्ये:
We are used to working at night.
He looks forward to meeting you.
Her life is dedicated to uplifting the poor.
I am committed to setting up a radio tower.
• ही सर्व वाक्ये व्याकरणदृष्ट्या बरोबर आहेत. त्यांचा अर्थपण एकच होतो.
I heard the dog barking आणि I heard the dog bark.
She told she would be back आणि She said that she would be back.
I saw all of them आणि I saw them all.
She is as tall as him आणि She is as tall as he is.
Train arrived in time आणि Train arrived on time.
It's time for us to go home आणि It's time we went home.
I would prefer to wait आणि I would rather wait.
• खालील दोन वाक्यातला सूक्ष्म फरक समजून घ्या:
I never ate coconut. (मी कधीही खोबरं खात नसे)
I have never eaten coconut. (मी कधीही खोबरं खाल्लेलं नाही)
• भूतकालदर्शक वाक्यरचनांमध्ये before, back आणि ago कधी वापरायचे, ते पहा.
I finished my yoga class twenty minutes before. (अगदी आताचा भूतकाळ)
I joined yoga class twenty days back. (नजीकचा भूतकाळ)
I used to teach yoga twenty years ago. (पूर्वीचा भूतकाळ)
• संपूर्ण group बद्दल जेव्हा एकच गोष्ट बोलायची असेल तेव्हा everyone वापरावे. Group मधील प्रत्येकाबद्दल वेगळं बोलायचं असेल तेव्हा every one वापरावे. जसे,
Everyone should remain present at 6 am.
Every one must bring his parents' signature.
• खालील situations मध्ये to वापरावे; of किंवा for नाही: जसे,
Invitation to party, solution to the problem, key to the door, answer to the question, reaction to my question
• क्रियाविशेषण क्रियापदाच्या आधीही वापरू शकतो आणि नंतरही. ह्याने अर्थात थोडा फरक नक्कीच पडतो. जसे,
He always comes late. (casual statement, सामान्य विधान)
He comes late, always. (intentional, हेतुपुरस्सर केलेले विधान)
• According to me, according to you हा शब्दप्रयोग आपल्याकडे फारच common आहे. तो अतिशय चूक आहे. त्याऐवजी, In my opinion, in your opinion हा शब्दप्रयोग अधिक रास्त आणि योग्य आहे.
In my opinion, we should meditate daily.
In your opinion, we should meditate daily.
According to him/ her /them, we should meditate daily. हे बरोबर आहे.
• प्रश्नात ever येत असेल तर तो अपूर्ण भूतकाळ असतो. जसे,
Did you ever read this book? - चूक
Have you ever read this book? - बरोबर
• Come नंतर to आणि arrive नंतर in . जसे,
He came in Moscow- चूक. He came to Moscow - बरोबर.
He arrived to Moscow - चूक. He arrived in Moscow - बरोबर.
• एक वेळ either नंतर or येणार नाही पण whether नंतर मात्र नेहेमीच येईल. जसे,
Either of you, please tell me the answer.
Just tell me whether you are going to tell the answer or not.
त्याचप्रमाणे different नंतर form येते. जसे, The food here is much different from our food.
त्याचप्रमाणे than anybody हा शब्दप्रयोग else लावल्याशिवाय पूर्ण होत नाही. जसे, He paints better than anybody else.
• In the above sentence पेक्षा In the above mentioned sentence हा शब्दप्रयोग अधिक बरोबर आहे आणि त्यापेक्षा In the sentence mentioned above हा शब्दप्रयोग अधिक बरोबर आहे.
• ज्यावेळेस काही serious सूचित करायचे असते त्यावेळेस among च्या ऐवजी amid वापरतात. जसे,
among friends, amid enemies
• कुठल्या वाहनात किती प्रवासी आहेत हे सांगण्याकरिता on वापरतात, अपवाद फक्त कारचा, त्यासाठी in वापरतात. जसे,
Fifty passengers on bus/ on boat/ on train/ on plane/ in car.
• Died of आणि died from मधील फरक:
The patient died of pneumonia.
The patient died from complications of pneumonia.
• खरं म्हणजे द्वेष करूच नये पण व्यक्तीचा करायचा झाला तर jealous वापरावे आणि त्याच्या गुणांचा, संपत्ती इ.चा करायचा झाला तर envious of वापरावे! जसे,
Americans are jealous of the Chinese.
Chinese are envious of America's progress in space technology.
• अनिश्चितता, अपेक्षा आणि निश्चितता:
I hope it will rain - अनिश्चितता
I wish it would rain - अपेक्षा
I think it will rain – निश्चितता
Words can be like X-rays if you use them properly -- they’ll go through anything. You read and you’re pierced.
― Aldous Huxley
Cattle are raised and human beings are brought up.
• कळत, नकळत इंग्रजीचा वापर करताना आपण खालीलप्रमाणे अनावश्यक repetitions करत असतो –
ascending up the stairs
repeating the same statement
as to whether
other alternative
throughout the entire
return the thing back
far more superior
• Than नंतर I की me? He की him? She की her?
दोन्ही बरोबर पण काय वापरायचे त्याची निवड अर्थसापेक्ष असेल. जसे,
Jane loves Jack more than I (do).
Jane loves Jack more than (she loves) me.
Aayesha sings better than he (sings).
Aayesha sings better than him.
• Examples of common Sentence Conversions:
- You take milk-shake or you take lassi. = You take either milk-shake or lassi.
- You can go to Italy or you can go to Germany = You can either go to Italy or Germany.
- Cricket is popular in India. Hockey is also popular in India. = Both cricket and Hockey are popular in India.
- She is intelligent. She is beautiful also. She is not only intelligent but also beautiful.
- This cloth is not transparent. It is also not cheap. = This cloth is neither transparent not cheap.
- You may keep mum or you may answer, he is going to scold you. = Whether you keep mum or answer, he is going to scold you.
- As soon as I finished watering the garden, it started raining. = No sooner did I finish watering the garden than it started raining.
- Scarcely had I put my umbrella away, when it started raining.
- I would prefer listening to speaking. = I would rather listen than speak.
- I will rather use a soap than shampoo. = I will prefer using a soap to shampoo.
- She rarely spoke = Hardly ever did she speak.
• योग्य preposition वापरल्याने वाक्याचा अर्थ पूर्ण होतो. जसे,
This is the knife to cut च्या ऐवजी This is the knife to cut with.
This is the paper to write च्या ऐवजी This is the paper to write on.
This is the horse to ride च्या ऐवजी This is the horse to ride on.
This is the road to go च्या ऐवजी This is the road to go by.
• Someone, anybody किंवा everybody बाबत अधिक माहितीची देवाण-घेवाण करायची असेल आणि he किंवा she बाबत संदिग्धता असेल तर सरळ they वापरतात. जसे,
If anybody wants to leave early, they can.
No one in the class did their homework.
Everybody said they enjoyed themselves.
• एखाद्या गोष्टीत कुणाचा सक्रिय सहभाग (active participation) असेल तर --self वाचक सर्वनाम वापरतात. जर सक्रिय सहभाग नसेल आणि तटस्थपणे ती गोष्ट अनुभवली असेल तर मात्र ते वापरात नाहीत. जसे,
Vinod enjoyed himself at the party. (विनोद पार्टीमध्ये सक्रिय होता.)
Vinod enjoyed the party. (विनोदने पार्टी enjoy केली पण विशेष involve न होता.)
• Do mistake, do exercise, take sleep च्या ऐवजी make/ commit mistake, take exercise, have sleep हे शब्दप्रयोग वापरावे. Food साठी take आणि have दोन्ही चालतात.
निर्दोष इंग्रजी संभाषण, लेखन, व्याकरण ह्या मालिकेमध्ये आपण खालील विषय बघणार आहोत:
१. Transitional phrases in English - इंग्रजी भाषेला अर्थपूर्ण बनवणारी संक्रामक इंग्रजी क्रियापदे व वाक्यांश
२. Silly mistakes commonly made while writing English - इंग्रजी संभाषण व लेखन करताना होणाऱ्या सामान्य चुका - भाग १ आणि भाग २
३. Translation from Marathi to English - काही निवडक मराठी वाक्यांचे इंग्रजीत भाषांतर
४. Some important rules in English grammar - इंग्रजी व्याकरणातील काही महत्त्वाचे नियम
५. Selected English words and their meanings - निवडक इंग्रजी शब्द व त्यांचे अर्थ
DEALS OF THE DAY: AMAZON INDIA
BEAUTY, WATCHES, JEWELLERY, CLOTHES,
ELECTRONICS, ORGANIC HEALTH PRODUCTS
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